Wednesday, June 4, 2014

Laudon Management Information System Chapter Review : ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

This is the result of my group review about ethical and social issues in information system, the material are taken from Laudon Management Information System book, Chapter 4.

Just Click and download which one you prefer.
  • Power point E-book Chapter 4, click here
  • Power point Review Research Journal, click here.
  • Then, if you would like to find my Resume E-book chapter in group just download here, and download here also for finding my review Research Journal in group. 
By Arina Nurjanah (C1L012022)

Sunday, December 8, 2013

Indonesia's Best Dive Sites

Here is the list of Top 10 Spots for Diving in Indonesia. This place is also the best in the world.

1. Komodo Islands


Komodo Island and national park reserve offers just about every type of tropical diving imaginable – from calm and colourful shallow reefs alive with hundreds of colourful reef fishes and crammed with invertebrates, to current-swept deep water sea mounts, walls and pinnacles patrolled by sharks, tuna and other big fish. The variety of marine life for scuba diving in Komodo rivals the world’s best dive destinations. This is the world’s epicentre for marine diversity and you’ll see loads of stuff here on a diving cruise that you just won’t see anywhere else in the world – From whale sharks, sunfish, mantas and eagle rays to pygmy seahorses, ornate ghost pipefish, clown frogfish, nudibranchs and blue-ringed octopus – all at home amongst a spectacular range of colourful sponges, sea squirts, tunicates and corals – a macro enthusiast’s heaven. The island is also famous for its Komodo dragon monitor lizard, the largest lizards in the world. An alert and agile predator and scavenger that can reach 2.5 metres in length and 125 kg, they are known locally as ‘Ora’ and now about 1,100 inhabit the island and about half that live on nearby Rinca Island.

2. Bunaken Island

To dive in the deep waters of the Bunaken Island National Marine Park in Manado is to be among some of the highest levels of biodiversity in the world, with outstanding fish variety and world-class wall diving. When you’re scuba diving in Bunaken you can see seven times more genera of coral than Hawaii, 33 species of butterflyfish and over 70% of all fish species known to the Indo-western Pacific. From the smallest commensal shrimp to black tip reef sharks and eagle rays, there is something for everyone in this very special destination. Bunaken diving is very popular with fun divers and marine biologists both of whom can take great pleasure from the diversity of coral and fish found here. You will surely encounter marine life here that you have not come across elsewhere. Various schemes are being undertaken to encourage responsible attitudes towards the reefs, the sea life and with regards to refuse disposal in the area. In Bunaken your few dollars really do make a difference!

3. Raja Ampat Islands

Located off the northwest tip of Bird’s Head Peninsula on the island of New Guinea, Raja Ampat, or the Four Kings, is an archipelago comprising over 1,500 small islands, cays and shoals. Put simply, Raja Ampat diving is the bees knees in the world of scuba. If you don’t enjoy your dives here, you may as well sell your dive gear! According to the Conservation International Rapid Assessment Bulletin, the marine life diversity for scuba diving in Irian Jaya is considerably greater than all other areas sampled in the coral triangle of Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea – the cream of the cream in world diving. Over 1,200 fish species – a world record 284 on one single dive at Kofiau Island, the benchmark figure for an excellent dive site of 200 fish species surpassed on 51% of Raja Ampat dives (another world record), 600 coral species , 699 mollusc species – again another world high. The term “Frontier Diving” seems to have been invented for Raja Ampat in Irian Jaya. To visit these waters is to feel at the edge of the earth. To gaze over crystalline seas at the beehive-shaped, largely uninhabited islands is to be as far away from it all as you can imagine. At night time in Misool you can peer out at the horizon and maybe see one or two distant specks of light.

4. Bali Islands

One of the most beautiful islands in the world, Bali is Indonesia’s most popular dive holiday destination. Many visitors find the attraction of good shore-based diving set against a stunning back drop of huge, magnificent volcanoes and picturesque rice paddy terraces, simply irresistible. The greatest feature of scuba diving in Bali is the rich and varied sites – deep drop-offs and steep banks, coral ridges and bommies, one of the most famous wrecks in the world, volcanic outcrops and seagrass beds. With the colourful and diverse marine life, there’s enough here to keep you coming back for more. If you wanted to record all the animals you can see here, you’d need to bring along a mini-library of marine guide books. From hairy frogfish, cockatoo leaf fish and pygmy seahorses in Secret Bay and Menjangan on the north west tip of the island, to bumphead parrotfish and reef sharks in the north and east at Tulamben and Candi Dasa, to the sunfish and trevallies of nearby Nusa Penida and Lembongan islands, the Bali sights are truly fascinating. Allow yourself to be surprised for you really never know just what you might see in this ever-changing underwater jewel.

5. Sumbawa & Flores Islands

Diving in Flores gives you the perfect chance to add new, small fish and aquatic animals to your knowledge base since it is known for its endemic species. Although the combined effects of dynamite fishing and the earthquake and tsunami of 1992 caused damage to certain areas including Maumere, the regeneration of the reefs here is cause for celebration. Space was cleared by these natural phenomena, which has allowed new corals to flourish and bring an even greater diversity to the sites. These sheltered and varied havens offer crystal-clear waters, deep and vibrant walls, steaming underwater volcanic vents, fertile breeding grounds and conditions that are prefect for some fantastic macro diving opportunities. Sumbawa scuba diving has its own vast schools of countless triggerfish and butterflyfish, macro sightings of blue-ringed octopus, clown frogfish and nudibranchs, numerous reef sharks and tunas in the deep walled sections. Allied to this are the topside visual attractions of volcanoes and bat colonies, and you’ll soon have enough reasons to plunge deep and explore the underwater tapestry of Sumbawa.

6. Lombok Island

Some People think they have seen it all, but they dont, Lombok diving offer spectacular diving destination with untouched coral reefs, pinnacles and home of “Hammerhead” sharks and other giant creatures. For divers who would like to enjoy some pristine dive sites, we offer a world of 100% intact coral and a unique variety of species. “…It’s an Eldora do for underwater photographers.” Lombok are the perfect place when you want to escape from it all. The peaceful Lombok atmosphere is the best place for holiday with white sand beach and under water panoramas. The many drop-offs, plateaus and slopes around the Lombok”s reflect a good cross-section of what Indonesia has to offer. Dive in and be fascinated by a variety of turtles, White-tip Reef Sharks, Cuttlefish, Moray Eels, Angel Fish, Ghost Pipefish, Snappers, Mantas, Eagle rays and more. This is always a very popular dive site which will offer you a large diversity and abundance in marine on a single dive. The sea mounds and canyon walls differ in size and offer you an interesting collection of overhangs and outcrops, all covered in a variety of hard and soft corals. Huge sea fans and other interesting coral formations will fascinate you from start to finish.

7. Bangka & Belitung Islands

The Islands of Bangka and Belitung, with its rolling hills of green fields and forests, and the nearby islands of Gangga and Talise offer over 25 dive sites with fringing reef slopes and pinnacles carpeted in soft corals. The row of underwater boulder pinnacles that just break the surface here form giant steps underwater. This is a drift dive that requires a negatively buoyant entry, as waves can be present at the surface at drop off and pick up points. As you descend down the pinnacles you will marvel at the proliferation of green and golden brown soft corals, huge elephant ear sponges, dense thickets of branching green cup coral and table corals. There are carpets of frilled leather corals and pink, brown, cream and lilac soft coral trees swaying in the shallow surge. “Breathtaking” and “awesome” are oft-used words on the boat after this Bangka & Belitung dive.

8. Banda Islands

Seemingly insignificant islands in the middle of nowhere in the Banda Sea, in fact the Banda Islands are steeped in history and blessed with some of the finest diving in the country. Central to the spice trade of old, and former home to exiled freedom fighters, the islands are now enjoying a growing reputation for what goes on below the surface. The remoteness of the islands in the wide open Banda Sea, and the low levels of human population, have meant less fishing pressures, and a vibrant, natural and healthy reef system. The results of this are fishes in incredible numbers, huge seafans and sponges, and some monumental hard corals. At most sites you’ll see enormous schools of fusiliers and thousands of redtooth tirggerfish. One certainty is that you will see plenty of big stuff as well as no shortage of colourful reef life. Topside, these islands boast climbable volcanic mountains which are covered in lush green vegetation. For a taste of historic atmosphere going ashore in Banda Neira is a must for its remnants from the old spice trade of colonial times.

9. Wakatobi Islands

Rising from the depths of the Banda Sea, the main islands of Wangi, Kaledupa, Tomea, Binongki – WaKaToBi – dish up large portions of all the world’s reef types – fringing, atoll and barrier – and are served with lashings of healthy corals and dense schools of fish. Being a national park, fishing is strictly limited and the reefs are protected, meaning plenty of action for you the diver. Local fishing communities obtain a fair share of the income generated by dive tourism in exchange for adopting more sustainable practices, such as leaving large stretches of reef completely untouched. Other contributions go towards education and strengthening local support for the marine park. Word is beginning to spread about Wakatobi but it is still relatively new. Indeed there are even new sites out there waiting to be discovered, particularly in the outer atolls which are virtually untouched. Dive in and discover the animal attractions here in the Banda Sea.

10. Sangihe & Talaud Archipelago

The Sangihe Archipelago is a chain of volcanic islands off the north east peninsula of North Sulawesi. Consisting of about forty volcanic islands some of which are over 1,500 metres high, the archipelago’s waters are some of deepest in the world and deep-water currents bring plankton and nutrients from the deep. Be the man from Atlantis by diving what was once a thriving village. Feeling like an archeologist you cruise around through the numerous black corals and investigate the tunnels and doorways. Diving here amongst topography carved out by man’s own hand stands in stark contrast to the norm of diving among nature’s splendour and is definitely one you won’t forget. Diving just off the dormant volcano of Ruang Island always gets the thumbs up from those who have been here. It is as if the Creator has put every shape, size and colour of sponge and crinoid here in this one spot. This provides a magnificent backdrop against which you can spot some of the many sharks, dogtooth tuna and extraordinarily large schools of barracudas that call this place home.

Luxury holidays do not need to go abroad. In Indonesia the most amazing places in the world.



Sunday, November 24, 2013

The Best Indonesian Food

I'm pretty sure that you’ve heard of Indonesia or maybe some of you think that Bali is somewhere near Indonesia and thought that it is a country of its own. Maybe it was all because the diversity of Indonesian culture that made us (or some of us) think that way. There are so many ways to explore Indonesia and if you have little time to actually travel to the beautiful Indonesia, you can do it by tasting our FOOD!

As you may know and realise, food speaks for itself. So here I am to present to you the top 10 (out of uncountable) Indonesian food that you definitely have to try. Of course, you have to visit the country after you try the food!

In no particular order, I proudly present to you some of the best Indonesian dishes:

1. Indonesian Satay



Satay is meat skewers that are cooked over coals. These juicy skewers is usually served with rice cakes (ketupat) with peanut sauce poured all over the satay. It is a national dish conceived by street vendors and has been one of most celebrated food in Indonesia. It is practically everywhere and highly addictive.

2. Beef Rendang



This dish originated from Padang, Sumatra. Padang food is famous for its spicyness and richness in flavor. You definitely have to try Beef Rendang. It is somehow similar to Beef Curry but without the broth. We get to appreciate this dish because it take forever to cook to get that tenderness out of the beef. Try this Padang goodness and let the world know how tasty it is!

3. Fried Rice



I think this dish doesn’t need any further introduction. Indonesian Fried Rice and its reputation has taken the world by storm. Don’t you agree? Literally everyone has tried Fried Rice at some point in their life and it is the most versatile dish out there. You can mixed it with veggies, chicken, beef, seafood, whatever it is that you can think of. What makes Indonesian Fried Rice different is the use of sweet, thick soy sauce called keycap and garnished with acar, pickled cucumber and carrots. Nasi Goreng (Fried Rice) is considered Indonesia’s national dish.

4. Nasi Rawon



Nasi Rawon is a dish made of beef stew from East Java. Rawon has this nutty flavour and a deep, black color from the use of keluak nut. It is rich in flavor. This dish is best enjoyed with a bowl of rice. Yummy and hearty at the same time. Find out for yourself.

 5. Oxtail Soup



The title says it all. It is a soup with Oxtail as its main hero. Although believed that oxtail soup was invented in London in the seventeenth century but this Indonesian version of oxtail soup is popular as ever. It is a healthy and hearty soup loved by many people. The oxtail is usually fried or barbecued and combined with a soup base. Very tasty and yummy.

 6. Siomay





As you may or may not already know, most of Indonesian street food has something to do with peanut sauce. This dish right here called Siomay is Indonesia’s version of dim sum. This dish contain steamed fish dumplings. The portion comes with steamed potato, cabbage, egg and served with peanut sauce. If you want to go all local, the best way to enjoy Siomay is from a bicycle vendor, who carts his large steamer at the back of his bike. Street food at its best.

7. Fried Noodle



This product is so sinful that we cannot help but be seduced by it. Cost merely around 25 cents a pack and you get a quick and satisfying snack. It is none other than our very own Indonesian Instant Noodles! With so many flavours to choose from, you’ll be left with more than enough choices. I can’t think of anyone who has ever tried every single flavour that are available out there. The options are endless and too many to choose from that you’d hope they would stop inventing more flavours. Give it a taste and tell us if Indonesian Indomie is better than the others :)

 8. Nasi Uduk



This aromatic dish is also one of Indonesia’s national dish. The meal revolves around rice cooked in coconut milk. It is quite similar to Nasi Lemak from our neighbouring country, Malaysia. The difference is that nasi uduk is usually served with fried chicken, tempe (soybean cake), shredded omelette, fried onion, anchovies and topped with sambal and emping (melinjo nut crackers). You definitely cannot leave out sambal for Nasi Uduk. This dish is popular among lunchtime crowds.

9. Sweet Martabak



One of our favorite desserts would be Indonesian Sweet Martabak. It is an Indonesian version of a pancake. The interesting thing is, Martabak is only sold in the evenings. You can choose mix fillings from chocolate, cheese and peanuts.

 10. Pempek



Last but not least, Pempek. Pempek or empek-empek is made of fish and tapioca. It is a Palembang specialty in South Sumatra. Pempek comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. The most popular one is called, kapal selam (submarine), contains an egg in the middle. Pempek is sprinkled with shrimp powder and served with cuka, a dark dipping sauce made from vinegar, chill and sugar.

Towards an ASEAN Community By 2015

ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)

The APSC aims to ensure that the peoples and Members States of ASEAN live in peace with one another and with the world at large in a just, demcratic and harmounious environtment.
To achieve this, the APSC promotes political development in adherence to the principles of democracy, the rule of law and good governance, respect for, promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms as inscribed in the ASEAN Charter. It also subscribes to a comprehensive approach to security. At the same time, the APSC seeks to strengthen the mutually beneficial relations between ASEAN and its Dialogue Partners and friends.
The zblueprint towards establishing the APSC was adopted by the ASEAN Leaders at the 14th ASEAN Summit in 2009.
ASEAN has brought all the States of Southeast Asia into one regional association and declared Southeast Asia a nuclear weapon-free zone.
Signed on 24 February 1976, the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia lays down the basic principles for inter-state relations in the region, including the renunciation of the threat or use of force, the peaceful settlement of disputes, non interference in one another's internal affairs and "effective cooperations". Twenty one non-regional States have so far acceded to the treaty. ASEAN's contibution to regional peace fosters a stable environment that is essential for development.



ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

ASEAN's cooperation and regionaleconomic integration are part of the Member States' efforts to stimulate economic growth, increase jobs and reduce poverty.
The AEC aims to transform ASEAN into a stable, prosperous and highly competitive region with equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparaties.
Specifically, it comprises four key pillars: (1) a single market and production base; (2) a highly competitiveeconomic region; (3) a region of equitable economic development; and (4) a region fully integrated into the global economy.
To realise the AEC, the ASEAN Leaders adopted the AEC Blueprint at the 13th ASEAN Summit in 2007. The Blueprint serves as a master plan towards achieving an AEC by 2015 by identifying economic integration measures and targets and timelines for their implementation. T ensure that the targets can be achieved by 2015, a scorecardsystem to track progress and an AEC communications plan to engage all stakeholders have been put in place.
The AEC is an achievable goal that requires political commitment, engagement of all stakehoolders, and robust monitoring and implementation systems.




ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)

The ASCC aims to contribute to realising an ASEAN Community that is people-oriented and socially responsible with a view to achieving enduring solidarity and unity among the peoplesand Member States of ASEAN. It seeks to forge a common identity and build a caring and sharing society which is inclusive and where the well-being. Livelihood and welfare of the peoples are enhanced.
To achieve this, the ASCC will implement cooperation activities that are people oriented and environmentally friendly and geared towards the promotion of sustainable development. It will also contribute to building a strong foundation for greater understandingm good neighbourliness and a shared sense of responsibility.
The ASCC envisages the following characteristics:
(a) human development; (b) social welfare and protection; (c) social justice and rights; (d) ensuring environmental sustainability; (e) building the ASEAN identity; and (f) narrowing the development gap.
The ASCC Blueprint was adopted by the ASEAN Leaders at the 14th ASEAN Summit in 2009. In the ASCC, people are truly at the centre-stage ASEAN community building efforts.





About Economics Faculty in University of General Soedirman: Hotspots, Department of Education, Bicycle Campus, and Scientific Information Center

Hotspots

Want to enjoy the hotspots in the campus area but has not got its own ID? Let's make, do not continue to borrow friend's ID.

How easy really! Simply download the application form in www.unsoed.ac.id or, more specifically, again directly to http://fe.unsoed.ac.id/id/unduhan. Print two sheets, when completed, do not forget to attach a photocopy of two pieces of KTM (Student Identification Card) as well, after it asked for a stamp or reference to Department of Education Faculty and give to UPT Computer Center. Computer Center not know where? Computer Center is located next to the G building. After that we just wait for the form to be processed, a maximum of three days the ID can be used. Enjoy hotspots :)

Department of Education

What is Department of Education?


Department of Education or Bapendik (Bagian Pendidikan) in Bahasa, taking care of all matters relating to academic and lecture you. From the info scholarship to a letter asking supplementary exam can you take care of here. Department of Education busiest periods when KRS (Card Study Plan). Students who lack the quota courses, schedules clashes, changing subjects, just for you guys who have problems with academic lectures or could be administered Department of Education.


For non-inter S1 Department of Education Shcool of Economics was on 2nd floor of the Roediro building. Department of Education D3 Faculty of Economics in trasit B building. And for the international class, the Department of Education is in the G building.


Bicycle Campus

If you've been to downstairs of Roediro building, where the faculty room was, indeed often see bikes lined up, right? The bike was not just a display tablets, you can also use. It need not passable tired road in the campus area.

How to borrow it easy! With KTM (Student Identification Card) capital only you can enjoy this campus bicycle facilities. You stay to the fixtures in the then you just left KTM as collateral. But, it is well cared for and do not forget to return the bike when it's over use :)

Scientific Information Center

Want to borrow college reference books? Here are many reference books related to economics. It is Scientific Information Center or stands for PII (Pusat Informasi Ilmiah) in Bahasa. How to borrow it really easy. Previous make cards first in Scientific Information Center. Live carry the same 3x4 photo copier KTM (Student Identification Card). For those of you want to extend, just take the same 3x4 photo card old.

Deadline borrowing books for five days. More than that going fined Rp 300 per day. So, do not be late, his carefully guarded
:)



Saturday, November 16, 2013

Highway to The Election of Jenderal Soedirman University Economics Faculties



Faintly election feast began. 

Just counting days towards the change of administration in the KMFE (Faculty of Economics Student Association). 
Looking forward to new faces replace the leader. 
KPR FE Unsoed 2013 to present: 
Public Hearing Pemira FE Unsoed 2013 
Tuesday, November 12th, 2013 at 16:00 pm 
@ B201 
Open to all layers KMFE
So, what are you waiting? Come and join us, because your presence determines the future KMFE

Be a part of history KMFE, the future is in the hands KMFE friends!!!


Saturday, February 5, 2011

10 Universitas Terbaik Dunia

1. Harvard University, United States

Universitas Harvard dinilai sebagai universitas nomor satu di Peringkat Universitas Dunia 2009. Harvard adalah institusi Amerika tertua pendidikan tinggi, yang didirikan 140 tahun sebelum Deklarasi Kemerdekaan ditandatangani. Universitas telah berkembang dari sembilan siswa dengan master tunggal untuk Masuk lebih dari 18.000 kandidat derajat, termasuk mahasiswa dan siswa di 10 unit akademik utama. Sebuah tambahan 13.000 siswa yang terdaftar dalam program satu atau lebih di Harvard Extension School. Lebih dari 14.000 orang bekerja di Harvard, termasuk lebih dari 2.000 fakultas. Ada juga janji fakultas 7.000 mengajar di rumah sakit afiliasi.


2. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Universitas Cambridge dinilai yang terbaik kedua di Peringkat Universitas Dunia 2009. Universitas Cambridge adalah salah satu universitas tertua di dunia dan salah satu yang terbesar di Inggris. Reputasinya untuk prestasi akademis yang luar biasa dikenal di seluruh dunia dan mencerminkan pencapaian intelektual mahasiswa, serta penelitian asli kelas dunia yang dilakukan oleh staf Universitas dan Sekolah Tinggi. Reputasinya didukung oleh Quality Assurance Agency dan oleh peninjau eksternal lain belajar dan mengajar, seperti Penguji Eksternal. Standar-standar yang tinggi adalah hasil dari kedua kesempatan belajar yang ditawarkan di Cambridge dan sumber daya yang luas, termasuk perpustakaan, museum dan koleksi lainnya. Pengajaran terdiri tidak hanya dari kuliah, seminar dan kelas praktis dipimpin oleh orang-orang yang ahli di bidang dunia mereka, tetapi juga mengajar lebih personal diatur melalui Colleges. Banyak peluang bagi siswa untuk berinteraksi dengan ulama dari semua tingkatan, baik secara formal dan informal.



3. Yale University, United States

Universitas Yale dinilai sebagai universitas terbaik ketiga di Dunia Peringkat Universitas 2009. Yale University adalah salah satu sekolah yang paling terkenal di Amerika Serikat, dengan sejarah panjang layanan dan daftar alumni yang berbunyi seperti "Who's Who" dari orang-orang sukses. Universitas Yale adalah pemenuhan visi Eropa kebebasan intelektual yang bertujuan melayani masyarakat dan negara. Ini telah memperjuangkan sepanjang sejarah dan selamat dari bencana yang paling merusak seperti Revolusi Amerika. Sejak itu, universitas telah terus tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi pusat pendidikan berkualitas tinggi yang diakui oleh masyarakat global. Universitas ini dianggap sebagai salah satu institusi pendidikan tinggi tertua di Amerika Serikat. Perusahaan ini didirikan pada 1701 dan merupakan anggota kebanggaan Liga Ivy yang bergengsi.



4. UCL (University College London)

UCL (University College London) peringkat universitas terbaik keempat di Peringkat Universitas Dunia 2009. UCL adalah universitas multidisiplin dengan reputasi internasional untuk kualitas penelitian dan pengajaran di seluruh spektrum akademik, dengan mata pelajaran mencakup ilmu-ilmu, seni, ilmu sosial dan biomedis. Pada tahun 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) UCL dinilai universitas penelitian terbaik di London, dan ketiga di Inggris secara keseluruhan, untuk jumlah pengiriman yang yang dianggap kualitas terdepan di dunia. Universitas ini terletak di sebuah situs kompak di jantung kota London dan dikelilingi oleh konsentrasi terbesar perpustakaan, museum, arsip, lembaga budaya dan badan-badan profesional di Eropa.



5. Imperial College London

Imperial College London, peringkat universitas terbaik kelima di dunia untuk 2009. Imperial College London adalah beasiswa universitas kelas dunia, pendidikan dan penelitian di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, teknik dan kedokteran, khususnya berkaitan dengan aplikasi mereka di industri, perdagangan dan kesehatan. College ini memiliki lebih dari 3.000 staf akademik dan penelitian dan hampir 14.000 siswa dari lebih 120 negara yang berbeda.



6. University of OXFORD, United Kingdom

Universitas Oxford adalah perguruan tinggi tertua berbahasa Inggris yang berlokasi di kota Oxford, Inggris.[4] Sejarah universitas ini dapat ditelusuri paling tidak mulai akhir abad ke-11, walaupun tanggal tepat pendiriannya tetap tak jelas. Menurut legenda, setelah pecahnya kerusuhan antara mahasiswa dan penduduk kota pada tahun 1209, beberapa akademisi Oxford melarikan diri ke timur laut, ke kota Cambridge, dan mendirikan Universitas Cambridge. Kedua universitas ini sejak itu telah saling bersaing satu sama lain, dan merupakan perguruan tinggi paling selektif di Britania Raya.



7. University of Chicago, United States

The University of Chicago atau Universitas Chicago (biasanya disebut sebagai Chicago atau UChicago) adalah sebuah universitas swasta, yang fokus pada penelitian coeducational dan terletak di Chicago, Illinois, Amerika Serikat. Universitas Chicago didirikan oleh pengusaha minyak dermawan bernama John D. Rockefeller pada tahun 1890; William Rainey Harper menjadi presiden atau rektor pertama pada tahun 1891 dan kelas-kelas pertama diadakan pada tahun 1892.



8. Princeton University, United States

Universitas Princeton, terletak di Princeton, New Jersey, adalah institusi pendidikan tinggi tertua keempat di Amerika Serikat. Salah satu universitas terkemuka di negara tersebut, Princeton memiliki bidang arsitektur, teknik, dan urusan internasional dan publik baik prasarjana maupun sarjana yang terkenal. Riset dijalankan di banyak bidang, termasuk fisika plasma dan propulsi jet. Universitas ini berhubungan dengan Brookhaven National Laboratories.
Perpustakaan Harvey S. Firestone Library (dibuka 1948) dan museum seni menyimpan koleksi yang luar biasa. Dia didirikan sebagai College of New Jersey pada 1746, dan awalnya terletak di Elizabeth, New Jersey. Sekolah ini kemudian pindah ke Princeton pada 1756, masih dengan nama awalnya. Namanya kemudian resmi diganti "Princeton University" pada 1896.



9. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States

MIT merupakan pemimpin dalam sains dan teknologi, dan juga banyak bidang lainnya, termasuk manajemen, ekonomi, linguistik, ilmu politik, dan filosofi. Departemen dan sekolah yang paling terkenal adalah Lincoln Laboratory, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Media Lab, Whitehead Institute dan Sloan School of Management. 59 dari anggota sekarang atau dahulu dari komunitas MIT telah memenangkan Penghargaan Nobel.



10. California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Universitas ini merupakan salah satu universitas paling terkemuka dalam riset. Caltech mempertahankan penekanan kuat dalam ilmu alam dan teknik. Caltech memiliki dan mengoperasikan kompleks penerbangan luar angkasa "autonomous" yang memimpin di dunia dikenal dengan Jet Propulsion Laboratory. JPS mengamati desain dan operasi dari banyak penjajakan luar angkasa NASA; tidak seperti "National Laboratories" (Laboratorium Nasional AS) dan Pusat Luar Angkasa NASA lainnya, fasilitas JPS hanya dalam kontrak ke pemerintah.